Storage management of hazardous chemicals

All chemicals with explosive, flammable, toxic, corrosive and other dangerous substances that can cause combustion, explosion, personal injury, property loss and other accidents under certain conditions during transportation, loading and unloading, storage and custody are collectively referred to as hazardous chemicals. They are usually divided into: flammable, highly toxic, highly corrosive, explosive, and strong oxidant. How to safely store each major category of hazardous chemicals is the top priority in laboratory safety management.

1. Hazardous chemicals are classified and stored in isolation, with special venues and warehouses, fixed locations and zones, and special personnel for management and special vehicles for transportation.

2. The packaging and containers are produced by professional production enterprises approved by government management departments, and tested and inspected by professional testing and inspection institutions approved by the quality inspection department of the State Council. The packaging has no obvious external damage, complete accessories, and is tightly sealed without running, bubbling, leaking, dripping, or evaporation. The service life is within the specified period of the pressure test.

3. Storage of explosive goods The warehouse for explosive goods is a single-story building and is equipped with a lightning rod. The warehouse is cool and ventilated, away from fire and heat sources, and prevents direct sunlight. The warehouse temperature should be controlled at 15℃~30℃, and the relative humidity is generally controlled at 65%~75%. The internal lighting of the warehouse uses explosion-proof lamps, and the switch is set outside the warehouse. The stacking is firm, safe, and neat to prevent stacking, easy to carry, and conducive to ventilation, moisture-proof, and cooling. The bottom of the explosive packaging is padded with about 20cm square wood or pads, and does not need to be padded with stones, cement blocks or steel that are prone to sparks due to impact and friction. The stacking height, density, length, spacing, wall distance, column distance, top distance, etc. must be carefully considered, and excessive storage is not allowed.

4. Storage of flammable liquids Flammable liquids should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from fire, heat sources, oxidants and oxidizing acids. For flammable liquids with a flash point below 23°C, the warehouse temperature should generally not exceed 30°C. Low-boiling-point varieties must be refrigerated. For open-air storage tanks, cooling measures should be taken when the temperature is above 30°C. When storing commodities such as benzene and alcohol in storage tanks, the mechanical equipment must be explosion-proof and have static-conducting grounding devices.

5. The storage of highly toxic chemicals must be carried out in accordance with the "five double systems", i.e. double locks, double access, double use, double accounts, and double management, and the accounts must be checked regularly. The sales volume, flow, and storage volume of highly toxic chemicals must be recorded truthfully to prevent the theft, loss, or mis-sale or misuse of highly toxic chemicals. If the above situation is found, report it to the local public security department immediately. Establish a sales ledger of precursor chemicals, truthfully record the sales type, quantity, date, purchaser, etc., and keep the ledger and supporting materials for 2 years.

6. Do not over-store hazardous chemicals in cans and barrels, and do not use up all the gas in the bottles. Generally, a residual pressure of 0.2MPa should be retained.

7. Indicate the name, quantity, characteristics and fire-fighting method of each item.

8. Comply with relevant safety and fire prevention regulations, and set up corresponding safety facilities such as ventilation, explosion prevention, pressure relief, fire prevention, lightning protection, alarm, fire extinguishing, sun protection, temperature control, static elimination, and protective dikes according to the type and nature of the items, and ensure that: the fire warning and indication signs of fire-fighting equipment are painted in eye-catching and intact colors. The fire protection distance meets the requirements, the fire resistance level meets national regulations, and adjacent warehouses are separated by fire walls. The layout of fire-fighting facilities is reasonable, and the fire passages are unobstructed.

9. Ventilation and insulation measures are reliable. Natural ventilation is the main method of ventilation, supplemented by mechanical ventilation to ensure good ventilation. Insulation and cooling measures are taken in the storage area where sunlight directly hits.

10. Electrical facilities are graded and zoned according to the types of dangerous goods stored. Explosion-proof lighting is used for lighting in the warehouse, and no combustible materials are piled around the warehouse.

11. Personnel engaged in the sale, storage and transportation of dangerous chemicals shall receive training on relevant laws, regulations, rules and safety knowledge, professional skills, occupational health protection and emergency rescue knowledge, and shall be qualified before taking up their posts. The safety management system for storage of dangerous chemicals shall be implemented by default.

12. The storage device shall be evaluated for safety once a year, and the communication and alarm devices installed in the storage area and the place of use shall be comprehensively inspected to ensure that they are in normal and applicable state under any circumstances to ensure the safe operation of the company.

13. Reusable dangerous chemical packaging and containers shall be inspected before use and records shall be made. The inspection records shall be kept for at least 2 years.

14. It is strictly forbidden to mix and store goods of different varieties, properties and batches. For inventory goods, regular sampling and testing should be carried out, and if there are any changes, timely treatment measures should be taken.

15. When goods are transported in and out, technical specifications and test reports must be accompanied by the goods, otherwise they will be refused entry and exit.