Emergency treatment for laboratory injuries

1. Trauma

The injury cannot be touched by hand or washed with water. If you are injured by glass, you should first remove the broken glass from the wound. For mild injuries, you can use gentian violet solution (or red mercury, iodine), and if necessary, remove some anti-inflammatory powder or apply some anti-inflammatory ointment and bandage.

2. Burns

Do not use cold water to clean the wound. If the injured skin is not broken, apply saturated sodium bicarbonate solution or sodium bicarbonate powder paste to the injured area, or apply badger oil or perm cream; if the injured skin is broken, apply purple medicine or 1% potassium permanganate solution.

3. Glasses burn or foreign matter falls off

Immediately rinse with plenty of water for 15 minutes, do not use dilute acid or alkali. If glass fragments enter the eye, do not remove them by yourself, and do not rotate the eyeball. You can shed tears to expel the foreign matter. If it does not work, gently wrap the eye with gauze and send it to the hospital. Other foreign matter can also be removed with a sterile cotton swab.

4. Acid corrosion damage

Rinse with plenty of clean water, then rinse with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (or diluted ammonia, soapy water), and rinse with water. If acidic liquid splashes into the eyes, rinse with plenty of water and then send to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment. However, when concentrated sulfuric acid sticks to the skin, it cannot be rinsed directly with water, because it will generate a lot of heat and burn the skin. Boric acid should be used first, followed by sodium bicarbonate solution.

5. Acid and alkali corrosion damage

First rinse with plenty of water, then rinse with 2% acetic acid solution or saturated boric acid solution, rinse with water. If alkali splashes into your eyes, wash with boric acid solution.

6. Inhalation of irritating or toxic gases

For acidic gases, use 5% sodium bicarbonate solution for atomization and inhalation; for alkaline gases, use 3% carbonic acid solution for atomization and inhalation, and seek medical treatment; when inhaling chlorine vapor or chlorine hydrogen gas, you can inhale a small amount of mixed vapor of alcohol and ether to detoxify; if you feel uncomfortable after inhaling hydrogen sulfide or carbon monoxide gas, you should immediately go outside to breathe fresh air. However, it should be noted that artificial respiration should not be performed in case of chlorine vapor or bromine poisoning; stimulants should not be used in case of carbon monoxide poisoning.

7. Poisoning by ingestion

Add 5 or 10 ml of dilute copper sulfate solution to a glass of warm water, take this product internally, put your finger down the throat, let the person vomit and spit, and send to the hospital immediately.

8. Bromine corrosion injury

Wash the wound with benzene or glycerin first, then rinse with water.

9. Phosphorus burns

After phosphorus burns, rinse with clean water quickly, soak the gauze covering part with 1% copper sulfate to make the residual phosphorus produce black copper oxide, then wash it. Cover with gauze for 2 hours, saturate with 25% sodium bicarbonate solution to oxidize phosphorus into phosphorus, wash, and wrap with dry gauze. It should be reminded that it is forbidden to use oil gauze local dressings, because phosphorus is soluble in oil, which can promote human absorption and easily cause systemic poisoning.

10. Benzene poisoning

When benzene poisoning occurs, mild symptoms include weakness, headache, dizziness, dry throat, cough, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, etc. Moderate symptoms include drunkenness, sleep, impaired consciousness, and even fainting; severe poisoning can lead to loss of consciousness and death from respiratory paralysis. In emergency treatment, the patient should be immediately transferred to fresh air, contaminated clothes should be changed, and contaminated skin should be cleaned in time. Oxygen inhalation and injection of muscle respiratory stimulants are required. Epinephrine is prohibited and the patient should be sent to the hospital in time.

11. Arsenic ingestion

When swallowed, make the patient vomit immediately, then drink 500 ml of milk, and then wash the stomach with 2-4 liters of warm water, using 200 ml each time.